Mesoamerican Calendars describes the Aztec, Incan
and Mayan Calendars of Central and South America using gear action
figures. Mesoamerican improves the term Sun Kingdoms to identify
calendars having a 260-day sacred year basis. The Mayan system is
widely known and geographically predominant in the Yucatan
Peninsula. Parts of the Genesis Bible calendar include the
5200-year Great Cycle and 800-year Generation Cycle. The
Antediluvian Patriarchs record ages in lunar/solar style.
Mesoamerican Calendars
Aztec, Incan and Mayan calendars were lunar/solar calendars with
religious foundations. The mechanical counting for days and years
remained consistent across Central and South America for some
3,000-years. Religion of the Yucatan Peninsula establishes spiritual
deities attached to the calendar. Names for gods varied with precise
meanings. Aztec, Inca and Maya civilizations all shared the same
basic calendar construction. Early Mesoamerican sub-cultures such as
the Mixtec, Izappan and Toltec cultures likewise used the intricate
calendar system to measure time. Sister calendars branched with
little variation. Mesoamerican Calendars assigned roles to religious
deities using names and picture signs in the spiritual hierarchy.
Specific time periods were allotted to god(s).
The ancient Sun Kingdoms used a 20-year calendar base. Bonds are
evident by correlating Mesopotamian 19-year lunar/solar cycles with
20-year lunar/solar cycles of the Mesoamerican Calendars. The Jewish
Calendar intercalates an additional 7-Adar-months that usually
alternates 29-day and 30-day months. Central and South American
people commonly approximated the same 209-days of lunar/solar
separation time to be 210-days or seven even months of 30-days each.
An approximate 210-day separation found with 20-year-l/s-cycles
divides in half for 105-days. Closer examination reveals 105-days in
a dominant theme are the solar-side of l/s separation time. The next
solar-side time split 105-days accentuate the twentieth
365-day-solar-year. Each year and every twentieth year, the
remaining 105-days are distinctly isolated. At the end of multiple
19-year-l/s-cycles, the total number of intercalary l/s separation
days divides in half for the same multiple of 20-year-l/s-cycles in
the Mesoamerican Calendars.
Archeology substantiates the most commonly accepted mathematics of
the Mayan calendar. Several time periods have been identified and
used for numerous correlations. A correlation specifies a certain
day in our modern Gregorian calendar with a respective day in the
Mayan Calendar. The sum of the number of days specified by this
count yields the number of days passed since the beginning of the
last 5200-year Great Cycle. One 5200-year Great Cycle has a length
of 13 consecutive 400-year-Baktun-cycles. Many scholars believe
(Thompson correlation) that the last Great Cycle began on 13 August
3114 BC (Gregorian calendar).
A 365-day-solar-year in Mesoamerican Calendars contained a 260-day
portion and a 105-day portion (Eqn. 1). The agricultural 260-day
period is the Tzolken divinatory sacred year. Some authors spell
Tzolkin for the same 260-day-sacred-year. A
260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year was complete within itself. The
260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year year began and ended on the same days
within a 365-day-solar-year. Tzolken-sacred years of 260-days were
counted independently. The remaining 105-day part accumulated during
successive years. The ancients treated days and years with a
parallel viewpoint.
The standard year of 360-days was a civil year and called the Tun
(pronounced toon) in Mesoamerican Calendars. The 360-day-Tun-year
existed simultaneously with the 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year. Dual
calendar years served to project the greater time calculations. The
Mayan Calendar multiplies 18 Uinal periods of 20-days each to get
the 360-day-Tun-year (Eqn. 2). Five days more called the Wayeb then
complete one 365-day-solar-year. Chiefly using picture glyphs,
archaeologists have been able to trace calendar records. Picture
glyphs were the media of written information for the Sun Kingdoms.
Deities representing every 20-day period are associated with carved
glyphs. The day-number of the period appeared to the left of the
glyph. A name was associated with the figure.
Beyond 360-days, 5-Wayeb-days are special and attach to the end of
the civil 360-day-Tun-year (Eqn. 3). The first day following the
5-day Wayeb span marked the beginning of the next Tun civil year.
Religion maintained the five-special-holidays as adverse and unlucky
for any attempted work. Five individual gods ruled the Wayeb, one
for each day. Sister calendars treated the 360-day-Tun-year and
5-day Wayeb similarly. The 365-day-solar-year commonly refers to the
Haab-year. The transition 5-day Wayeb (or Vayeb) accrues over four
years, which add the equivalent 20-day-Uinal. Apprehension of
avoiding ordinary work on specific holidays originates from
Mesopotamia theology in the Fertile Crescent.
A Mayan system that derives from Mesopotamian sources manifests the
Mayan 5-day Wayeb in high esteem. Sacred practices involving a
364-day-calendar-year support the belief structure. Mayans named
them the five Year Bearers, which advance a 360-day-Tun-year by
5-day-names every year. Given there are four separate year bearers
in a 20-year l/s-cycle, mythology corresponds these last 4-days with
four directions and four sacred mountains. They are the windows to
the New Year. Mayan 20-year-l/s-cycles encompass five different
4-year-cycles similar to our leap day pattern. The prefix “Ka” is
accepted vocabulary for the Katun, which means 20-Tun-years or one
Mayan 20-year-l/s-cycle. The 4-year cycle of 5-Wayeb-days,
consecutively place the next year bearer on New Year’s Day.
The 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year segments into 20-days of 13-names
each. Multiplying 20-days by 13-named periods produces the
260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year (Eqn. 4). Names for spiritual entities
representing 13-names associate with days numbered from 1 to 13
within the 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year. Each named deity carried the
20-day load for even distribution to everyone. Aztecs called the
260-day ritual cycle Tonalpohualli. The 360-day-Tun-year, the
five-day Wayeb adjustment and 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-years all were
all expressed with glyphs. Picture glyphs carved into stone on the
facades of buildings, temple entrances and on stelae code the
calendar history. Numbered days are the dots or ellipses and
straight bars represents five. Bars can be horizontal with the deity
glyph above or vertical with the glyph usually placed on the right
side.
Equations
1-4
1. 260
day-Tzolken-sacred-year
+ 105 days solar-side time split
= 365 day-solar-year
4. 20 periods
x 13 day-names
= 260 day-Tzolken-sacred-year
Stelae were vertical stone historical markers inscribed with
important social events and often times, the calendar date. Glyphs
found on the stelae usually held a picture of the god with the date
written to the left. A single picture glyph for the 13-day period in
the sacred-year includes the numbered day to pinpoint the date in
the 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year. Both 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-years
and 360-day-Tun-years work like meshed gears to resolve exact dates.
Traces of stelae worship are evident in early scriptures. The Mayans
carved historical summaries of the last 20-year-Katun-cycle and the
400-year-Baktun-cycle onto the sacred stelae pillars. The God of the Bible admonishes against false
idols and graven images.
Leviticus 26:1
"Ye
shall make you no idols nor graven image, neither rear you up a
standing image, neither shall ye set up any image of stone in
your land, to bow down unto it: for I am the
Lord your God." (all RKJV)
The Bible advises against
worship of other gods. We should overthrow other gods and smash
their sacred pillars into pieces. Furthermore, God reinforces discontent
towards the gods of others.
Exodus
23:24
"Thou
shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after
their works:
but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and quite break down
their images."
Exodus
34:14
"For thou shalt
worship no other god: for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a
jealous God:"
Mayan astronomer-priests were very good at calculating multiples of
days and years. Mayans purposely addressed a 360-day-Tun-civil-year
with prefixes in order to lengthen the calendar. Prefixes are the
“Katun” that describes 20-Tun-years and the “Baktun”, meaning
400-Tun-years. They multiplied the 20-year lunar/solar cycle by
20-years again, thus squaring time. Multiples of lunar/solar 20-year
cycles occur in the form of 20-year-Katun-cycles and
400-year-Baktun-cycles. Mesoamerican chronologists accept the
400-year-Baktun-cycle was an integral part of the Mayan calendar
system.
The next logical step to recording time was to double the
400-year-Baktun-cycle. The next age bracket advances the l/s
calendar to the 800-year Generation Cycle era. Twice the
400-year-Baktun-cycle measures the 800-year Generation Cycle (Eqn.
5). An important step to building the Mayan Calendar system,
equation 6 adds two 400-year-Baktun-cycles for the 800-year
Generation cycle result. Calendar references for the "begat"
genealogy following Adam in Genesis
affix 800-year Generation Cycles to each named character’s secondary
age category. Actions of doubling and halving time interval tools
discovered from associated calendars yield a repeating order. The
procedure of God coming
between and dividing time continues further lunar/solar separations.
Equations
5-6
5. 800-Year Generation Cycle = 2 x
400-year-Baktun-cycles of 360-days each
6. 800-Year Generation Cycle =
400-year-Baktun-cycle + 400-year-Baktun-cycle
Mayan
Calendar System
1
Kin = 1-day 1 Uinal = 20-Kins = 20-days 1 Tun = 18-Uinals = 360-days 1 Katun = 20-Tuns = 7,200-days=
20-Tun-Years 1 Baktun = 20-Katuns = 144,000
days = 400-Tun-years of 360-days each 400-year-Baktun-cycle =
400-Tun-years 800-Year Generation Cycle = 2 x
400-year-Baktun-cycles = 288,000-days 5200-year Great Cycle = 13 x
400-year-Baktun-cycle =1,872,000-days 5200-Tun-year Great Cycle does
not include 5-day Wayeb every year 5200-solar-year Great Cycle
includes 5-day Wayeb every year
Mesoamerican Calendar Math Figure 1 Mesoamerican
Calendars Work Like Meshed Gears
Tzolken Year is the 260-Day-Sacred-Year
1 Tzolken Year = 260-Day-Sacred-Year = 20 Periods x 13-Days
Each
1-Tun-Year = 360-Day-Midpoint-Year = 18 Uinals x 20-Days Each;
where 1 Uinal = 20 Days
Haab Year is the 365
Day-Solar-Year
= 360-Day-Tun-Year + last 5 Special-Wayeb-Days are added
to the end of the 360-Day-Tun-Year The last 5 Days
are also called Nameless, or Unlucky Days
Mesoamerican Calendar Math Figure 1
The begat genealogy
following Adam in Genesis
lists a secondary age from the time of fathering the son,
until the character’s death. Adam lives for 800-years
following the birth of Seth. The secondary age category is
total lunar/solar time, denoted here “l/s”, and includes all
Patriarchs in successive order. The original
19-year-l/s-cycle of the Jewish Calendar modifies to become
a 20-year-l/s-cycle regarding Mesoamerican Calendars.
Multiples of 20-year-l/s-cycles form the secondary age
category. Each year in the 20-year-l/s-cycle was a
360-day-Tun-year. Mayan terminology employs the prefx “Ka”
in the word Katun that describes one 20-year-Katun-cycle.
Twenty multiples of the 20-year-Katun-cycle permits the
Mayan prefix “Bak” to describe a 400-year-Baktun-cycle.
Increments of 400-year-Baktun-cycles counted the secondary
ages for all characters in the Antediluvian Calendar.
Genesis 5:4
"And the days of Adam after he had begotten Seth
were eight hundred years:
and he begat sons and daughters:"
The Antediluvian Calendar in Genesis
refers to a Mayan 5200-year Great Cycle. The Mayan Calendar
further develops the 5200-year Great Cycle. A Great Cycle
consists of 13 different 400-year-Baktun-cycles (Eqn. 7). The
Great Cycle has 13 different 400-year-Baktun-cycles or
5200-Tun-years that equal 1,872,000-days (Eqn. 8). The
additional 5-Wayeb-days are designated solar-side in a
365-day-solar-year and count separately in a complete
5200-solar-year Great Cycle. The work at timeemits.com extends
the 400-year-Baktun-cycle to even greater times. The 800-Year
Generation Cycle comes from chapter 5 of Genesis. Two
400-year-Baktun-cycles multiply to produce one 800-year
Generation Cycle. The 400-year-Baktun-cycle was widely used in
Mesoamerica.
Great
Cycle Equations 7-8
7. 13 Baktun-cycles
x 400-year-Baktun-cycles
= 5200-year Great Cycle
8. 13 Baktun-cycles
x 144,000 days per 400-year-Baktun-cycle
= 1,872,000-days
= 5200-Tun-years
Stelae, sacred pillars and standing stones are all biblical
terms for the main religious artifact of both Sun Kingdoms and
early Middle Eastern cultures. Sacred vertical stone pillars had
two fundamental purposes. The ancient stone markers symbolized
men. God in heaven was
between night and day and between lunar and solar times. Shadow
motion cast by the sun evidences God's image. Man in the generic literal Hebrew
sense, was as the day and woman was the eve, or the night.
Sighting to the horizon using the standing stone measured
daytime according to motion of the shadow. Shadows lengthened
and shortened during the day and solar positions in heaven
determined direction cast. Like a sundial, the standing stone
gnomon marks years. Obelisk shadows corresponding to rising and
setting positions on the horizon were the significant gates of
heaven, equinoxes and solstices. Agriculture of the Fertile
Crescent was dependent on the seasons. Planting and harvest
times were captured by annual procession of daytime shadow. El,
El-Shaddai, Elohim, Ba-El, Ba-Al and Baal were all principle
names connecting the sacred stones.
Stelae, language and architectural features support a connection
between new and old worlds long ago. Pronunciation is difficult
to trace precisely, yet the Chilan Baalm is a literary work
produced by a Spaniard about the Mesoamerican Indians shortly
after the Spanish conquest. Literally, the book is "the speech,
or mouthpiece, of the gods." In Babylon, we note the masculine
god Baal. Baal is called Bel in the Apocryphal work: The History
of the Destruction of Bel and The Dragon. When Daniel defeats
idolatry, he vanquishes false gods. King Manasseh did heathen
evil during his fifty-five year reign in Jerusalem (II Chronicles 33:1-3). King
Manasseh II, son of Hezekiah erected "altars for Baalim."
The Code of Hammurabi was carved onto an eight-foot-tall block
of stone (Circa 1,792 B.C.E. + or - 70 years). On this stele,
282 laws set forth rules for the people to live by, many of
which reflected Mosaic Law. In Mesoamerica, a carved stele after
every 20-year-Katun-cycle and 400-year-Baktun-cycle recorded
important events, such as battles and changes of leadership.
Stelae were great monolith blocks of stone, found near the step
pyramid temples throughout Central and South America. Known as
"sacred pillars" in Deuteronomy
12:3, II Samuel 18:18, II Kings 3:2 and other places in
the Bible, the graven
male image Baal symbolized the pagan male. The female
counterpart to Canaanite Baal was Astrate or Asherah and a
pregnant woman figurine often symbolized her. The single
omnipotent God of Israel
differed from nearby inhabitants' worship of Baal and Astaroth
as named god and goddess pair (Judges 2:12-13). The
immortal pagan couple was dedicated to the surrounding villages.
Baal was a material, non-portable god fixed by a stone column at
some site. Astaroth, or sometimes Asteroth, was the fertility
consort goddess of neighboring fields and groves (Judges 10:6, I Kings 14:23, and I
Kings 15:13). High places and groves (II Kings 21:7) invited
idolatry whenever erecting images. Standing Stones were present
along with step pyramids in both Egypt and the Yucatan
Peninsula.
The 360-day-Tun-year and 260-day Tzolken-sacred-year combine to
form the Mesoamerican Calendar 52-year Calendar Round. The
52-year chronological summit was the cornerstone of the dual
calendar system. A complete 52-year Calendar Round repeated
itself after 18,980-days. The Calendar Round 52-years multiply
by a 360-day-Tun-year to produce 18,720-days (Eqn. 9). Working
like meshed gears, 72-Tzolken-sacred-years of 260-days each
multiply to equal the same 18,720-days (Eqn. 10). Five special
solar-side Wayeb holidays accumulate every year to add the final
260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year in the 52-year Calendar Round (Eqn.
11). One extra 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year adds to
72-Tzolken-sacred-years for 73-Tzolken-sacred-years (Eqn. 12).
Multiplying 73-Tzolken-sacred-years by 260-days gives the
equivalent 18,980-days for a Calendar Round (Eqn. 13). In
parallel order, 52-Haab-solar-years equal exactly the same
18,980 days per Calendar Round (Eqn. 14). The 52-year Calendar
Round equals 73-Tzolken-sacred-years and both equal 18,980-days.
The final 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year comes from accumulating
Wayeb holidays. The total 52-year Calendar Round is 18,980-days.
By this calendar system, only once in 52-years would any day of
the 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year coincide with any day of the
civil 360-day-Tun-year. A complete Calendar Round would restart
again the next dual sequence.
Equations 9-14
9. 52-year Calendar Round
x 360-day-Tun-Year
= 18,720-days
10. 72-Tzolken-sacred-years
x 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year
= 18,720-days
11. 52-year Calendar Round
x 5-Wayeb-days
= 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year
= 1-Tzolken-sacred-year
12. 72-Tzolken-sacred-years
+ 1-Tzolken-sacred-year
= 73-Tzolken-sacred-years per Calendar Round
13. 73-Tzolken-sacred-years
x 260-day-Tzolken-sacred-year
= 18,980-days per Calendar Round
14. 52-Haab-solar-years
x 365-day-Haab-solar-year
= 18,980-days per Calendar Round
52-Year
Mesoamerican Calendar Round Figure 2 Gear Action of
Mesoamerican 52-Year-Calendar
Round 1 Tzolken Year =
260-Day-Sacred-Year = 20 Periods x 13-Days Each
72-Tzolken-Sacred-Years= 72 x 260-Day-Sacred-Years= 18, 720-Days where 1 Tzolken-Sacrd-Year =
260-Days
The final
260-Day-Tzolken-Sacred-Year is added to make 73-Tzolken-Sacred-Years 72-Tzolken-Sacred-Years x 5
Special Days= 260
Days = 1-Tzolken-Sacred-Year
52-Year-Calendar-Round = 18,720 Days + 260 Day-Sacred-Year
= 18,980-Days 52-Year-Calendar-Round= 73-Tzolken-Sacred-Years of 260-Days =
52-Haab-Yearsof
365-Days
52-Year Mesoamerican Calendar
Round Figure 2
The Mayan 52-year Calendar Round
forms the base that increases 100 times greater to get the
5200-year Great Cycle. Anchors tying the Aztec, Inca and Mayan
calendars together are certain styles of counting according to
lunar/solar operations. Stemming from early Jewish Calendar
conceptions and Old Testament
era practices, Mesopotamian culture transfers to the Americas
long ago. Stelae worship and especially writing the calendar
history upon them served to preserve important dates in the holy
lands and Mesoamerica. Using 20-l/s-year Katun cycles,
400-l/s-year Baktun cycles and 800-year Generation Cycles that
build to the final 5200-year Great Cycle, we are able to discern
meanings concerning the Antediluvian Calendar in Genesis.
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Mesoamerican Calendars describes the Aztec, Incan
and Mayan Calendars of Central and South America. The
5200-year Great Cycle and 800-Year Generation Cycle are parts
of the Genesis Antediluvian Patriarch Bible calendar. 155 kb
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the Ages_of_Adam
ministry. Ancient lunar/solar calendars like the Jewish
and Mayan calendars provide the background to understanding
early time. Ancient calendars of the Holy Bible use differences
between the moon and sun, numerical matching and a 364-day
calendar year to describe X-number of days that match with
X-number of years. Ages_of_Adam
is a free read at timeemits.